Op-amps

Operational amplifier or often referred to as an Op-amp is a linear electronic component whose function is to amplify almost ideal voltage levels so it is very widely used Filtersignal conditioning such as integrators, differentiators etc.

Figure 1. Operational amplifier (Op-amp)

Some things you need to know about Op-amps are as follows:

1. Op-amps have resistance enter (Rin the) is very large, theoretically infinite, reaching more than 1MΩ therefore the op-amp does not relax output from the network enter (input circuit) and also does not make the voltage (voltage enter) become drop it.
2. Op-amps have resistance output Very small, theoretically 0 Ω, this has its advantages output The op-amp voltage ideally will not drop when connected to a load.
3. Can be configured using a single power supply (+V And land) or ganga power supply (+V And -V). Today is very sad enter It is a pure ac signal because if you use a single power supply the negative half wave will be cut off.

Op-amp as an amplifier

Op-amp as an amplifier (amplifier) Has three configurations, namely:

1. Amplifier not flipping : Strengthens the voltage without changing the phase or angle of the voltage output (enter And output have the same phase).
2. Amplifier reverse : Strengthens voltage enter Where is the phase or voltage angle output It will be 180 days old enter.
3. Amplifier buffer (1x amplifier) output the circuit in front of it (series enter) so there needs to be a series buffer. This amplifier has neither gain nor damping.

Amplifier non-inverting

Figure 2 shows the basics of the amplifier non-inverting using op-amps.

Figure 2. Amplifier non-inverting I don't know what to do today

Strengthening properties non-inverting :

1. Impedance enter very high.
2. Impedance output.low
3. If signal enter in the form of a dc signal or a dc signal that has an ac component, the op-amp can use a single power supply (+V And land). If signal enter is a pure ac signal then the voltage source for the Op-amp uses a dual voltage source ie +V And -V.

   Figure 3. Amplifier non-inverting I don't know what to do today
4. There is no phase difference between the signals enter And output
5. The amount of voltage output is:
   

Amplifier Reverse

Amplifier reverser Using the Op-amp shown in Figure 4. Figure 4a is an amplifier reverser Currently, there are many kinds of sedans with 4 inch rims in circulation reverser Using ganga power supply.

Figure 4. Amplifier reversal

The amount of voltage output on the amplifier reverser is:

This room has to do with many things output amplifier reverser I talk about what I want to know:

1. Panguat reversal Using a single power supply Figure 4a. If voltage Venter That's positive output voltage The op-amp is around 0 Volts because it cannot output negative voltage, this is because the op-amp uses a single power supply. Current voltage Venter If it is negative, the op-amp can work well because it can output positive voltage. Amplifier reverser Requires dual power supply.
2. Amplifier reverser using ganga power supply (+V And -V), if voltage Venter Negative or positive op-amps can output the opposite voltage Venter. In other words the op-amp can This is why I don't know.

Buffer

Op-amps as buffer It has no gain or can be called a gain equal to 1x (one time).

Figure 5. Op-amp as a circuit buffer

The amount of voltage output Suite buffer shown in Figure 5 is Vgo out = Venter. Op-amps as buffer Many people today have the opportunity to spend 5 days in a row having nothing to do with it buffer dc signal or dc signal that has an ac component. If signal enter Is pure ac signal then buffer Must use dual power supplies as shown in figure 5b.

Op-amp as a comparison

A comparator is a circuit that functions to compare the voltage at the terminal input+ Download the latest version of terminal enter-. Voltage output Comparator There are only two conditions viz tall And low. Tall value close to the value of V+ and low is 0 Volts if using a single power supply.

Figure 6. Op-amp as a comparator

Some conditions in the comparator circuit are as follows:

1. Current voltage inputVin 1 This will be the first time Vin 2 (Vin 1 > Vin 2) then the magnitude of the voltage output comparison is tall with a voltage value close to +V.
2. Current voltage input Vin 1 Smaller than voltage Vin 2 (Vin 1 in 2) then the magnitude of the voltage output is low ng value is around 0 Volts.
3. Current voltage inputVin 1 Same as voltage inputVdeep2 (Vin 1 =Vin 2) then the voltage output is low Or around 0 Volts.
4. Only 6 more days to go (+V and -V) what happens next low magnitude of voltage output Is a negative voltage approaching the negative power supply voltage.

Figure 7. Signal form output Comparator with single power supply

Figure 7 shows that whatever the form of the voltage signal enter The comparator will always have a signal shape output Square wave with comparison tall And low (duty cycle) There are various types of devices that connect to the terminal pad input+ And a new terminal pad enter –.

Figure 8. Signal form output Comparator with dual power supply

Figure 8 shows the op-amp as a comparator with its dual power supply high output equal to the supply voltage +V And low equal to the supply voltage -V And output Always a square wave with cycle There are various types of devices that connect to the terminal pad input+ and terminals enter-.

One use of the comparator is as a PWM circuit (Pulse Width Modulation) to set a ratio or comparison tall And low (duty cycle) A square wave. One use of PWM is to regulate the speed of DC motors, regulate the brightness and dimness of LEDs and so on.

Op-amp as a summer (Adding up)

Figure 9. Adder circuit (add up)

The basic adding circuit using an op-amp shown in Figure 9 has the basic form of an amplifier circuit reverser so the voltage output Will always be the opposite of enter. Because of this, the summing circuit uses dual power supplies.

Voltage addition formula enter is:

The strengthening of satellite terminals will be more stable input+ given a resistor with a value of:

Op-amp as an Amplifier Difference

Differential amplifiers are also often referred to as difference amplifiers where the difference in terminal voltages input+ and new terminals enter- which is strengthened.

Figure 10. Op-amp as a differential amplifier

Figure 10 shows a different amplifier circuit using an Op-amp. I can read this book for more information, please click here for more information. non-inverting ( If Vin the2 is 0 Volt) and amplifier reverser (If Vin the1 is 0 Volts) so that if the two torque amplifier formulas are combined it will become a differential amplifier formula as follows:

If R1 =R4 And R2 =R3so :

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